D198 Course Notes: Historical, Social, and Cultural Contexts

D198 Course Notes: Historical, Social, and Cultural Contexts

Student Name

Western Governors University 

D198 Global Arts and Humanities

Prof. Name

Date

Global Arts & Humanities Course Material Notes

Historical Context

What is historical context?
Historical context refers to the societal, political, cultural, and economic conditions that surround the creation of an artwork or literary piece. It reveals how significant historical events—such as wars, revolutions, or technological advancements—shape the themes, techniques, and intentions of artists and writers. Understanding this context enhances the appreciation of both the creative process and the underlying message of the work.

How can historical context be identified?
To determine historical context, one must establish the time period in which the work was produced. Then, examining key events like industrialization, social reforms, or political changes helps clarify how these factors influenced the creator’s viewpoint. For example, recognizing the socio-economic challenges of the 1930s deepens the understanding of artworks responding to industrial growth and labor struggles.

Example: Diego Rivera’s Detroit Industry Murals
Between 1932 and 1933, Diego Rivera painted the Detroit Industry Murals, a vibrant celebration of American industrial growth during the early 20th century. These murals depict factory workers and machinery as symbols of progress, productivity, and social cohesion. Rivera not only honors the dignity of labor but also comments on the synergy between human creativity and mechanization. Viewing this work within its historical setting reveals Rivera’s respect for technological innovation and the human role in shaping modern industry.

Element	Description
Period	Early 1930s (Post–World War I industrial expansion)
Artist/Work	Diego Rivera, Detroit Industry Murals
Historical Influence	American industrialization and mechanized labor rise
Artistic Impact	Reflection of labor, machinery, and economic optimism

Social Context

What does social context mean?
Social context includes the environmental and structural conditions that affect human interactions and artistic expression. It involves social hierarchies, norms, roles, and expectations that influence identity and power relationships within society. Understanding social context helps interpret how class, race, gender, and sexuality shape creative works.

Which factors are crucial in social context?
Key elements include divisions based on socioeconomic class, gender roles, racial and ethnic identities, and systems of privilege or marginalization.

Example: Lucille Clifton’s “won’t you celebrate with me”
Lucille Clifton’s poem powerfully illustrates the resilience of Black women confronting racism and sexism. Through simple yet impactful language, she transforms survival into a triumphant celebration. Her work offers both a personal and collective message of empowerment, demonstrating how social realities influence artistic expression.

Aspect	Illustration
Poet/Work	Lucille Clifton, won’t you celebrate with me
Themes	Racial and gender inequality
Social Impact	Resistance to systemic oppression
Message	Survival as a form of celebration

Cultural Context

How is cultural context defined?
Cultural context involves the traditions, beliefs, languages, and shared practices that shape a community’s identity. It reflects how societies express collective values through art, literature, and rituals. Understanding cultural context enables interpretation of how works represent heritage, belonging, and the passing down of wisdom through generations.

What influences cultural context?
Religious and spiritual beliefs, customs, geographic surroundings, and oral traditions all play significant roles in shaping cultural expression.

Example: David Boxley Jr.’s Totem Poles
David Boxley Jr., a Tsimshian artist from the Pacific Northwest, uses totem pole carving to preserve and narrate his people’s history and values. His work embodies kinship, honor, and tradition, serving as a cultural archive that connects past and present, reinforcing Indigenous identity.

Element	Description
Artist/Work	David Boxley Jr., Totem Poles
Cultural Origin	Tsimshian Tribe (Pacific Northwest)
Symbolism	Kinship, ancestry, honor, and tradition
Purpose	Preservation and celebration of Indigenous heritage

Community Context

What is community context in the arts?
Community context looks at how art operates within shared environments, whether physical or virtual. Communities, united by shared experiences or values, use artistic expression to foster unity, dialogue, and understanding.

What role does art play in community?
Art reflects collective identity and can inspire social change. Through inclusive and collaborative projects, it bridges differences and amplifies marginalized voices.

Example: Axis Dance Company’s Adelante
The performance Adelante features dancers with and without disabilities, challenging traditional norms of beauty and movement. This inclusive production promotes acceptance and redefines artistic grace by highlighting diverse physical expressions.

Aspect	Description
Performance	Adelante by Axis Dance Company
Community Represented	Disabled and neurodiverse individuals
Purpose	Challenge stereotypes and promote inclusion
Artistic Outcome	Broadened definition of grace and movement

Global or Cultural Influence

What does global or cultural influence encompass?
This aspect explores how artworks transcend their original contexts to impact audiences worldwide. It looks at how art contributes to global conversations, cultural exchange, and activism.

What key questions guide this inquiry?

• How does the artwork inspire international artists or movements?

• What global debates or dialogues does it spark?

• Has the work been adapted or reinterpreted across cultures?

Example: Kristen Visbal’s Fearless Girl
Installed in 2017 facing the Charging Bull on Wall Street, Fearless Girl symbolizes women’s empowerment and gender equality on a global scale. Its widespread replication and media attention demonstrate art’s power to cross borders and inspire social change.

Element	Description
Artwork	Fearless Girl (2017)
Original Location	Wall Street, New York City
Global Impact	Symbol of women’s empowerment and equality
International Presence	Replicas displayed worldwide

What Makes Us Human?

What are the defining traits of humanity?
Humans are distinguished by consciousness, creativity, emotional complexity, and social interconnectedness. Unlike other species, humans possess self-awareness, moral reasoning, and symbolic communication, which are reflected through art, culture, and philosophy.

Aspect	Description
Self-Consciousness	Awareness of oneself and capacity for reflection
Communication	Use of complex language to share ideas and emotions
Creativity	Artistic and literary expression in many forms
Social Organization	Creation of cultural, political, and historical systems
Emotions	Ability to experience empathy, love, humor

The Humanities

What are the humanities?
The humanities include disciplines that study human thought, feeling, and experience. These fields, such as art, literature, philosophy, and performance, analyze how people interpret their existence and values.

Discipline	Description
Performance Arts	Expression through music, dance, theater, and movement to explore emotions and narratives
Visual Arts	Use of form, color, and imagery in painting, sculpture, and architecture to communicate ideas
Literature and Language	Study of storytelling, communication, and linguistic creativity
Philosophy and Religious Studies	Inquiry into human purpose, ethics, spirituality, and meaning

References

Axis Dance Company. (2018). Adelante. Axis Dance Productions.

Boxley Jr., D. (n.d.). Totem Poles. Tsimshian Cultural Arts.

Clifton, L. (1993). won’t you celebrate with me. In The Book of Light. Copper Canyon Press.

D198 Course Notes. (n.d.). Historical, social, and cultural contexts.

D198 Course Notes: Historical, Social, and Cultural Contexts

Rivera, D. (1932–1933). Detroit Industry Murals. Detroit Institute of Arts.

Visbal, K. (2017). Fearless Girl. State Street Global Advisors.